Yapahuwa
Sri Lankas Medieval Rock Fortress
Welcome to Yapahuwa: The Lion Rock of the North
Rising dramatically from the northwestern plains of Sri Lanka, Yapahuwa stands as one of the islands most impressive medieval fortresses and a testament to 13th-century architectural brilliance. Often called the "Lion Rock of the North" this 90-meter high granite outcrop served as Sri Lankas capital for 11 years and houses some of the finest stone carvings in the country.
From the magnificent ornate stairway that rivals Sigiriya in grandeur to the ruins of the royal palace that once housed the sacred Tooth Relic, Yapahuwa offers visitors a chance to explore a lesser-known but equally fascinating chapter of Sri Lankan history, complete with breathtaking views and remarkable archaeological treasures.
The Rise and Fall of a Medieval Capital
Artists impression of Yapahuwa during its golden age as Sri Lankas capital
Yapahuwas story begins in 1273 when King Bhuvanekabahu I chose this strategic rock fortress as his capital, moving the seat of power from Polonnaruwa. The location was chosen for its defensive advantages and its position along important trade routes connecting the interior with coastal ports.
For 11 years, Yapahuwa served as the islands political and religious center, housing the sacred Tooth Relic of Buddha in its magnificent palace complex. The king commissioned elaborate stone carvings and architectural works that rivaled the greatest achievements of medieval Sri Lankan art.
However, the capitals glory was short-lived. After King Bhuvanekabahus death in 1284, the Tooth Relic was moved, and Yapahuwa was gradually abandoned, leaving behind the remarkable ruins we see today.
Architectural Marvels of Yapahuwa
The crown jewel of Yapahuwa is its magnificent ornate stairway, considered one of the finest examples of medieval Sinhalese stone carving. This elaborate entrance to the royal palace features intricate sculptures, guardian figures, and decorative motifs that showcase the artistic achievements of 13th-century craftsmen.
- Exquisite stone carvings and sculptures
- Guardian lions and mythical creatures
- Intricate floral and geometric patterns
- Well-preserved after 750+ years
At the summit of the rock, the ruins of the royal palace complex reveal the grandeur of medieval Sri Lankan architecture. Though much has been lost to time, the remaining foundations, walls, and architectural elements provide insight into the sophisticated planning and construction of this 13th-century royal residence.
- Foundations of the main palace building
- Remains of the Tooth Relic chamber
- Ancient water storage systems
- Panoramic views of surrounding countryside
Located at the base of the rock, the archaeological museum houses a fascinating collection of artifacts discovered during excavations at Yapahuwa. The exhibits provide context for the sites history and showcase the artistic and cultural achievements of the medieval period.
- Stone sculptures and architectural fragments
- Ancient coins and jewelry
- Pottery and household items
- Historical information and site models
Climbing Yapahuwa: What to Expect
Climbing Route
The climb begins with the famous ornate stairway, followed by a series of rock-cut steps and natural paths to reach the summit.
Difficulty Level
Moderate difficulty - suitable for most fitness levels but requires careful footing on ancient steps.
Time Required
30-45 minutes to reach the summit, plus time to explore the ruins and enjoy the views.
Safety Tip: Wear good grip shoes and take your time on the ancient stone steps.
Essential Items
- • Comfortable walking shoes with good grip
- • Water bottle (1-2 liters)
- • Sun protection (hat, sunscreen)
- • Camera for the spectacular views
- • Light snacks for energy
Best Time to Climb
- • Early morning (7:00-9:00 AM)
- • Late afternoon (4:00-6:00 PM)
- • Avoid midday heat
- • Dry season preferred
Visitor Information
Entry Fees
- • Foreign adults: 500 LKR
- • Foreign children: 250 LKR
- • SAARC nationals: 50 LKR
- • Local visitors: 30 LKR
Opening Hours
8:00 AM - 6:00 PM daily
Facilities
- • Archaeological museum
- • Parking area
- • Basic refreshment stalls
- • Restroom facilities
From Colombo
175km (4-5 hours) via Kurunegala. Regular bus services and private transport available.
From Anuradhapura
75km (1.5-2 hours) - can be combined with Cultural Triangle tour.
From Dambulla
85km (2 hours) - good for day trip from Cultural Triangle base.
Local Transport
- • Three-wheelers from Maho town
- • Private cars and taxis
- • Organized tour groups
Nearby Attractions
Another ancient capital with palace ruins and archaeological significance, 30km from Yapahuwa.
Ancient forest monastery with meditation caves and ruins, offering insight into monastic life.
Wildlife park with elephants and other animals, offering a different perspective on the region.
Yapahuwa offers a unique opportunity to explore a lesser-known but equally fascinating chapter of Sri Lankan history. As you climb the ornate stairway and explore the royal palace ruins, youre walking in the footsteps of medieval kings and experiencing architectural artistry that rivals the islands most famous sites.
Take time to appreciate the intricate stone carvings, imagine the grandeur of the medieval court, and enjoy the panoramic views from the summit. The relatively few visitors mean you can often explore this magnificent site in peaceful solitude, making your experience even more special.
Enjoy your journey through Sri Lankas medieval masterpiece! 🏰👑⛰️