Rathnapura
The Legendary Gem City of Sri Lanka
Welcome to Rathnapura
Rathnapura, literally meaning "City of Gems" in Sinhala, stands as Sri Lanka's most celebrated gem-mining center and one of the world's most important sources of precious stones. Located in the Sabaragamuwa Province, approximately 100 kilometers southeast of Colombo, this historic city has been synonymous with gemstone trading for over 2,000 years.
The city sits in a valley surrounded by hills that contain some of the richest gem deposits on Earth. Rathnapura's alluvial deposits have yielded world-famous sapphires, rubies, cat's eyes, and other precious stones that have adorned royal crowns and collections across the globe. The legendary Blue Belle of Asia, one of the world's largest blue sapphires, was discovered in these very hills.
Beyond its geological treasures, Rathnapura offers visitors a unique glimpse into traditional Sri Lankan culture, ancient Buddhist heritage, and the fascinating world of gem mining. The city serves as the capital of Ratnapura District and is home to approximately 50,000 residents who have maintained their traditional way of life for generations.
Today, Rathnapura continues to be a major center for gem trading, attracting dealers and collectors from around the world. Visitors can explore active gem mines, visit traditional markets, discover ancient temples, and experience the authentic culture of rural Sri Lanka in this remarkable city.
World's Gem Capital
Rathnapura produces over 90% of Sri Lanka's precious stones, including the world's finest blue sapphires.
Royal Connections
Many British Crown Jewels contain sapphires from Rathnapura, including stones in the Imperial State Crown.
Ancient Origins
Gem mining in Rathnapura dates back over 2,500 years, mentioned in ancient texts and chronicles.
Record Breakers
The 400-carat Blue Belle of Asia and the 478-carat Queen of Asia sapphires were both found here.
Traditional Methods
Local miners still use traditional hand-digging techniques passed down through generations.
Geographic Wonder
The city sits at the confluence of three rivers: Kalu Ganga, Wey Ganga, and Maha Oya.
By Road (Most Popular)
- • From Colombo: 100km via A4 highway (2.5 hours)
- • From Kandy: 78km via A18 route (2 hours)
- • From Galle: 120km via A17 route (3 hours)
- • Transport: Private car, taxi, or bus
By Public Transport
- • Bus: Regular services from Colombo Fort
- • Duration: 3-4 hours depending on traffic
- • Cost: Very economical option
- • Frequency: Every 30 minutes during day
💡 Travel Tip: The journey to Rathnapura offers scenic views of rubber plantations, tea estates, and traditional villages. Start early to avoid traffic and enjoy the countryside.
Top Attractions in Rathnapura
Visit active gem mines around Rathnapura to witness traditional mining techniques that have remained unchanged for centuries. Watch skilled miners extract precious stones from alluvial deposits using simple tools and generations of expertise.
- Observe traditional hand-digging methods
- Learn about gem identification and grading
- Possibility of finding your own gemstone
The bustling gem market in Rathnapura is where dealers from around the world come to buy and sell precious stones. Experience the excitement of gem trading and browse an incredible variety of sapphires, rubies, and other precious stones.
- Authentic gemstones at source prices
- Traditional jewelry and craftsmanship
- Expert gem cutting and polishing services
This ancient temple dedicated to God Saman is one of the most important religious sites in the region. The temple features beautiful traditional architecture, intricate wood carvings, and serves as a center for local Buddhist festivals and ceremonies.
- Ancient Buddhist architecture and art
- Important pilgrimage site for locals
- Peaceful atmosphere for meditation
Located about 5km from Rathnapura, this unique waterfall gets its name from its distinctive shape resembling a Bo tree leaf (Bopath). The 30-meter cascade is surrounded by lush tropical vegetation and offers a refreshing escape from the city.
- Unique leaf-shaped waterfall formation
- Natural swimming pool at the base
- Perfect for photography and picnics
Cultural Experiences
Traditional Crafts
- • Watch master gem cutters at work
- • Learn traditional jewelry making techniques
- • Visit local pottery and handicraft workshops
- • Experience traditional batik and textile arts
Local Festivals
- • Saman Devalaya Perahera (July/August)
- • Vesak Festival celebrations (May)
- • Traditional New Year festivities (April)
- • Local harvest festivals throughout the year
Essential Travel Tips
Best Time to Visit
- • Dry Season: December to April (ideal weather)
- • Gem Mining: Year-round activity
- • Festivals: Check local calendar for special events
- • Avoid: Heavy monsoon months (May-July)
What to Bring
- • Comfortable walking shoes for mine visits
- • Sun protection and light clothing
- • Camera for documenting your journey
- • Cash for gem purchases and local markets
Important Gem Buying Tips
Buy from reputable dealers: Always request certificates for expensive stones and deal with established gem merchants.
Learn basic identification: Understand the difference between natural and synthetic stones before making purchases.
Negotiate respectfully: Bargaining is expected, but be fair and respectful to local traders.
Distance from Colombo: ~100 km
- By Private Vehicle (Recommended):
2.5–3 hours via A4 (Colombo–Ratnapura–Batticaloa) main road. Most comfortable and flexible. Ceylanka Tours offers private car/van with hotel pickup, sightseeing stops, and local driver-guide. - By Bus:
Direct express and local buses from Colombo Bastian Mawatha Bus Terminal to Rathnapura. Takes 3–3.5 hours. Route: Colombo → Avissawella → Ratnapura. Buses run frequently, but can be crowded. - By Train:
Colombo Fort to Avissawella (Kelani Valley Line), then bus/taxi to Rathnapura. Total 3.5–4 hours. Not direct, but scenic.
For the easiest and most comfortable trip, book a private vehicle with Ceylanka Tours.
